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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Développement et validation d’un système rapporteur pour l’étude des sites de contact inter-organites</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Development and validation of a fluorescent reporter system for the study of inter-organelle contact sites</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sites de contact membranaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réticulum endoplasmique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Endosomes tardifs /lysosomes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Système rapporteur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DdFP</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">STARD3</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">VAPs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Homéostasie du cholestérol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Membrane contact sites</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endoplasmic reticulum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Late endosomes/lysosomes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reporter system</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DdFP</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">VAP proteins</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cholesterol homeostasis</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027860507" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Réticulum endoplasmique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les sites de contact membranaires (SCM) entre le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) et les endosomes tardifs/lysosomes (ET/lys) jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’homéostasie lipidique, le trafic intracellulaire et l’organisation du compartiment endo/lysosomal. Toutefois, leur étude dynamique en cellules vivantes reste limitée par le manque d’outils adaptés. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé et optimisé un rapporteur fluorescent basé sur la technologie ddFP (Dimerization-Dependant Fluorescent Protein), nommé LELYS-ER, permettant de visualiser et quantifier une sous-population de contacts entre le RE et les ET/lys en cellules vivantes. L’établissement de ce système a permis de mettre en évidence la plasticité de ces interfaces ainsi que leur sensibilité à des perturbations biophysiques, lipidiques et moléculaires. L’analyse de protéines impliquées dans ces contacts, notamment STARD3, VAPA, VAPB, MOSPD2 et ORP1L, soutient un modèle d’organisation modulaire et partiellement redondant, dans lequel plusieurs protéines d’ancrage et de transfert lipidique contribuent à la stabilité des interfaces détectées. La transférabilité de cette approche à d’autres contacts, illustrée par le développement des rapporteurs MITO-ER et PLASM-ER, souligne le potentiel du système ddFP comme outil pour l’étude comparative des SCM. Enfin, l’analyse de l’interaction PTPIP51-VAPB au niveau des contacts RE-mitochondries suggère une organisation multimodulaire impliquant les motifs FFAT de PTPIP51, avec une possible implication du domaine coiled-coil. Cette thèse propose ainsi une nouvelle approche pour l’étude dynamique des contacts inter-organites en cellules vivantes et soutient l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’organisation des contacts RE-ET/lys dépend à la fois des propriétés biophysiques des membranes, de l’homéostasie lipidique et du recrutement local de protéines d’ancrage spécialisées.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Membrane contact sites (MCS) between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/lys) play an essential role in lipid homeostasis, intracellular trafficking, and the organization of the endo-lysosomal compartment. However, their dynamic study in living cells remains limited by the lack of suitable tools. During this thesis, we developed and optimized a fluorescent reporter based on Dimerization Dependent Fluorescent Protein (ddFP) technology, named LELYS-ER, allowing the visualization and quantification of a subpopulation of contacts between the ER and LE/lys in living cells. The establishment of this system revealed the plasticity of these interfaces as well ass their sensitivity to biophysical, lipid and molecular perturbations. The analysis of proteins involved in these contacts, particularly STARD3, VAPA,VAPB, MOSPD2 and ORP1L, supports a model of modular and partially redundant organization, in which several tethering and lipid transfer proteins contribute to the stability of the detected interfaces. The transferability of this approach to other contact sites, illustrated by the development of the MITO-ER and PLASM-ER reporters, highlights the potential of the ddFP system as a tool for the comparative study of MCSs. Finally , the analysis of the PTPIP51-VAPB interaction at ER-mitochondria contact sites suggests a multimodular organization involving the FFAT motifs of PTPIP51, with a possible contribution of the coiled-coil domain. This thesis therefore proposes a new approach for the dynamic study of inter-organelle contacts in living cells and supports the hypothesis that the organization of ER-ET/lys contacts depends on both membrane biophysical properties, lipid homeostasis, and the local recruitment of specialized tethering proteins.</dcterms:abstract>
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