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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Functional precursors of enzymatic Catalysis : nonenzymatic transamination and protometabolic redox reactions</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Origines de la vie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réactions d'oxydoréduction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Origins of life</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Protometabolism</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’émergence de la vie est généralement considérée comme reposant sur des réactions protométaboliques sur la Terre primitive. Cette thèse explore l'influence des peptides courts, des microgouttelettes aqueuses et de l'électrochimie sur les systèmes de réactions protométaboliques. Bien que les dipeptides n’aient pas directement augmenté la transamination, ils ont modulé le système par des interactions avec un ion métallique et un coenzyme. Les réactions de transamination ont été accélérées dans les microgouttelettes aqueuses, probablement en raison des conséquences indirectes des champs électriques interfaciaux. Des expériences électrochimiques ont démontré le potentiel de coexistence de processus oxydatifs et réducteurs dans un même milieu. Les champs électriques interfaciaux et l'électrochimie ont probablement joué un rôle important dans l'émergence des systèmes prébiotiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The emergence of life is thought to have resulted from protometabolic reactions on early Earth. This thesis explores the influence of short peptides, aqueous microdroplets, and electrochemistry on protometabolic reaction systems. Dipeptides were not found to increase rates of transamination, but modulated the system through interactions with a metal ion and a coenzyme. Transamination reactions were accelerated in aqueous microdroplets, likely due to indirect consequences of interfacial electric fields. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated the potential for the coexistence of oxidative and reductive processes in the same medium. Interfacial electric fields and electrochemistry likely played important roles in the emergence of prebiotic systems.</dcterms:abstract>
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