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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Correlative microscopy for the in situ study of photoanodes used for water photoelectrolysis</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Microscopie corrélative pour l’étude in situ des photoanodes utilisées pour la photoélectrolyse de l’eau</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Corrélatif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">In situ</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microscopie électronique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microscopie à rayons X synchrotron</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hématite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Photoélectrolyse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Craquage de l’eau par la lumière</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Correlative</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">In situ</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Electron microscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Synchrotron X-ray microscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hematite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photoelectrolysis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Solar water splitting</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La caractérisation corrélative, incluant des techniques in situ, est essentielle pour la compréhension des nanomatériaux pour la photoélectrolyse de l'eau comme l’hématite. La microscopie électronique en transmission (MET), la microscopie à rayons X en transmission à balayage (STXM) et la microscopie X à photoémission d'électrons (XPEEM) sont utilisées conjointement pour étudier des nanostructures d'hématite avec différentes modifications (dopage au Ti, électrodéposition du co-catalyseur NiOxHy). Après une présentation de l’état de l'art et des techniques expérimentales, nous caractérisons la chimie nanométrique de nanobâtonnets d'hématite dopés au Ti par STXM, révélant que de subtiles modifications chimiques peuvent drastiquement altérer les propriétés photoélectrochimiques sans changement structuraux visibles en MET. La MET in situ gaz décrit ensuite la transformation structurale de l'hématite depuis l'akaganéite. Enfin, une analyse corrélative STEM-EELS/XPEEM révèle les propriétés de l’hématite avec co-catalyseur à base de Ni, tandis que des expériences STXM électrochimiques in situ ouvrent la voie à de futures études operando.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Correlative characterization, including in situ techniques, is essential for understanding nanomaterials for solar water splitting such as hematite. Herein, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) are used in combination to study hematite nanostructures with various modifications (Ti doping, electrodeposition of an NiOxHy co-catalyst). After giving an overview of the state of the art and experimental techniques, we characterize the nanoscale chemistry of Ti-doped hematite nanorods by STXM, revealing that subtle chemical modifications can drastically alter photoelectrochemical properties without any structural changes visible by TEM. Gas phase in situ TEM then describes the structural transformation of hematite from its intermediate phase, akaganeite. Finally, correlative STEM-EELS/XPEEM analysis reveals the properties of hematite with a Ni-based co-catalyst layer, while electrochemical in situ STXM experiments pave the way for future operando studies on similar systems.</dcterms:abstract>
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