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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">De la fragilité de l'indice : quand la plasticité de l'empreinte lumineuse érode la frontière entre les techniques photographiques</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The frailties of the index : how the plasticity of the light impression erodes the boundary between photographic techniques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Photographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Empreinte lumineuse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Retouche photographique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Post-photographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ontologie photographique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Photographe expérimentale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Argentique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Numérique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Light impression</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photographic retouching</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Postphotography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photographic ontology</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027393275" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Retouche (photographie)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le numérique, technologie digitale, indirecte et malléable, aurait signé l'arrêt de mort de la photographie. La facilité de retoucher un tel document romprait avec l'injonction d’objectivité traditionnellement attribuée au médium. À l'ère du procédé argentique, la lumière semblait en effet imprimer directement son reflet sur le papier sensible, et par conséquent, passait pour un procédé direct, automatisé, technicisé, sans aucune subjectivité : comment aurait-elle pu mentir ? Or, les rapports entre numérique et argentique, fichier brut et retouche, post-traitement et réalité, attestation et tromperie sont bien plus étroits qu'il n'y paraît. L'ensemble des opérations nécessaires à l'obtention d'une image semble pris au piège entre devoir d'objectivité et manipulations évidentes. L’objectif de ce travail est de rappeler que l’adéquation à la réalité d’une photographie ne relève en rien d’une évidence, et d’interroger la dichotomie argentique/numérique, par la relecture de l’histoire du médium au prisme de sa dimension proprement plastique. Il s’agit de mettre en avant le caractère résolument construit de toute empreinte lumineuse, et d’étayer l’hypothèse que le numérique ne constitue pas une nouvelle forme photographique dont le témoignage serait bancal ; en d’autres termes, cette technologie ne transforme pas la photographie, mais plutôt le regard que nous lui apposons.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Digital technology, both indirect and malleable, is said to have signed photography's death warrant. The ease of retouching such a document would break with the injunction of objectivity traditionally attributed to the medium. In the age of the analogue processes, light seemed to print its reflection directly onto sensitive paper, and was therefore seen as a direct, automated, technical process, without any trace of subjectivity: how could it lie?However, the relationship between digital and photographic film, raw and retouched files, post-processing and reality, attestation and deception are much closer than it seems. All the operations required to obtain an image seem trapped between the duty of objectivity and obvious manipulation. The aim of this work is to remind us that a photograph's relationship with reality is by no means self-evident, by questioning the silver/digital dichotomy, and also by re-reading the history of the medium through the prism of its specifically plastic dimension. The purpose is to highlight the constructed nature of every luminous impression, and to support the hypothesis that digital photography does not constitute a new photographic form whose testimony would be unreliable; in other words, this technology does not transform photography, but rather the way we look at it.</dcterms:abstract>
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