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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Approches "perte de fonction" pour l'étude des interactions hôte-virus dans le cas des hépatites virales chroniques</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Interactions virus-hôte</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Perte de fonction</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les virus des hépatites B, C et D sont responsables d’hépatites chroniques menant au développement d’un carcinome hépatocellulaire. L’étude des interactions virus-hôte permet de comprendre le cycle viral et de découvrir des cibles thérapeutiques. Plusieurs approches perte-de-fonction ont permis d’étudier les interactions entre ces virus et l’hépatocyte. Le rôle de RACK1 dans la régulation de l’inflammation hépatique a été mis en évidence, bien que les mécanismes précis restent à découvrir. Une étude de transcriptomique comparative suggère que le HCV pourrait détourner RACK1 de ses fonctions régulatrices et favoriserait ainsi l’inflammation chronique observée chez les patients. Une étude perte-de- fonction a permis la découverte de CAD, un facteur d’hôte du HDV, et du pouvoir antiviral du PALA, un inhibiteur de CAD. Par la suite, un mini-criblage a mis en évidence le rôle de SLC22A5 comme facteur d’hôte potentiel du HBV et du HDV et le rôle de SLC2A2 comme facteur de restriction du HBV.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Hepatitis B, C and D viruses are responsible of chronic hepatitis leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies on virus-host interactions are crucial to better understand viral cycles and to discover new therapeutic targets. Several loss-of-function approaches to study the interactions between these viruses and the hepatocyte have been undertaken during this PhD work. Here, the role of RACK1 in the regulation of the hepatic inflammation is described, even though the exact mechanisms need to precised. A comparative transcriptomic study suggests that HCV could hijack RACK1, thus promoting the chronic inflammation observed in patients. A loss-of-function screen led to the characterization of CAD as a host factor in HDV infection and of the antiviral properties of the CAD inhibitor, PALA. A small loss-of-function screen identified SLC22A5 as a potential host factor for HBV and HDV infection and SLC2A2 as a restriction factor in HBV infection.</dcterms:abstract>
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