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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Dualité fonctionnelle des lymphocytes B dans la tolérance : étude de populations tolérogènes et auto-immunes</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Dual function of b cells in tolerance : identification of tolerogenic and autoimmune populations</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tolérance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Auto-immunité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Lymphocyte B</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CD19</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autoréactivité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nucléosomes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TLR9</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Thymus</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">AIRE</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tolerance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autoimmunity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">B cells</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Autoreactivity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nucleosomes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TLR9</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Thymus</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Il est connu que les lymphocytes B (LB) ont un rôle pathogène dans de nombreuses maladies auto-immunes. Afin de comprendre comment la perte de tolérance B survient dans le lupus érythémateux systémique, maladie auto-immune prototypique, nous avons tout d’abord développé, dans un modèle murin, une méthode de marquage des LB pathogènes en cytométrie en flux. D’autre part, nous avons trouvé qu’un défaut de réponse au TLR9 est une caractéristique unique des LB de patients lupiques et est associée à une diminution d’expression du complexe CD19/CD21 à la surface des LB. Ces anomalies pourraient favoriser la survie des LB autoréactifs, et permettre la survenue de troubles auto-immuns. Dans un second temps nous avons exploré les fonctions d’une population lymphocytaire B méconnue: les LB thymiques humains. Nos résultats appuient le rôle tolérogène de ces LB, avec notamment l’expression, par 5% d’entre eux, de la protéine AIRE (AutoImmune REgulator), qui joue un rôle majeur dans la sélection négative des lymphocytes T. L’ensemble de ces données montrent la dichotomie fonctionnelle des LB et nous rappelle la complexité des processus régissant la tolérance et son maintien.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">It is well known that B cells play pathogenic roles in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In order to understand how B tolerance breakdown occurs during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototypical autoimmune disease, we first developed a method to identify autoreactive B cells by flow cytometry in a mouse model. In addition we found that a defective in vitro response to TLR9 agonists is a specific feature of SLE B cells and is associated with a CD19/CD21 complex downregulation. These abnormal functions in SLE B cells may contribute to B cell tolerance breakdown in these patients. But B-cell involvement in autoimmune diseases should not lead us to forget the functional diversity of B cells. This prompted us, in a second project, to analyze the tolerogenic role of a B cell population considered as simple bystanders of thymopoiesis: the human thymic B cells. Our results support the tolerogenic role of thymic B cells, as 5% of them express AIRE (AutoImmune REgulator), which plays a major role in cells in T cells negative selection. All these data underline the functional dichotomy of B cells and remind us the complexity of the processes governing tolerance and its maintenance.</dcterms:abstract>
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