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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation de substances naturelles en contexte archéologique : apport des études moléculaires, isotopiques et de la datation au 14C</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Characterization of natural substances in an archaeological context : contribution of the molecular and isotopic studies and of the 14C dating</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Archéométrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biomarqueurs lipidiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">GC-MS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Datation au 14C</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Triterpènes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Millet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Résines végétales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Styrax</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Liquidambars</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Archaeometry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipid biomarkers</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GC-MS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">14C dating</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Triterpenoids</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Millet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Plant resins</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Styrax</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ces travaux d'archéométrie concernent l’étude moléculaire par GC-MS de marqueurs lipidiques (biomarqueurs) préservés au sein de sols archéologiques et de substances végétales impliquées en tant qu'ingrédients dans la confection d’artefacts. Des analyses complémentaires en isotopie du carbone de composés individuels et des mesures de datation au 14C (AMS MICADAS) de la matière organique totale des sols, d'extraits lipidiques et d'un composé individuel (miliacine) ont également été effectuées. Cette approche a permis:- de montrer l’existence de la culture de millet dès l’âge du Bronze en Alsace, les sols associés à cette culture et leur contenu organique ayant été piégés et préservés dans des silos à grains enterrés datés de l’âge du Fer.- d'identifier la nature de structures archéologiques comme étant d'anciennes latrines et une aire de stabulation de bétail via l'identification de stéroïdes fécaux.- d'établir des critères chimiotaxonomiques fiables basés sur l'analyse des lipides pour l’authentification de résines de styrax et de liquidambars.- d'identifier la nature d'une résine issue de Styrax officinalis ayant été incorporée dans l’enduit organique ornant un crâne décoré (IXème millénaire av. J.-C., site de Nahal Hemar, Israël).- de mettre en évidence l’emploi de brai de bouleau comme agent collant lors de la confection d’un bijou daté du Premier âge du Fer.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this archaeometric study, lipid biomarkers from archaeological soils and organic substances originating from plants found on artefacts were investigated by GC-MS. In addition, the stable carbon isotopic composition of individual lipids and the 14C age (AMS MICADAS) of soil organic matter, lipid extracts and one isolated compound (miliacin) were determined. Such an archaeometric approach allowed:- the existence of a millet cultivation during the Bronze Age in Alsace to be unveiled for the first time based on preserved molecular remains of this cereal in agricultural soils trapped within grain silos dated from the Iron Age.- the function of uncharacterized archaeological structures to be identified as ancient latrines and a stall area based on the identification of faecal steroidal markers.- reliable chemotaxonomic criteria for the authentication of styrax resins and liquidambar gums to be established using specific organic markers (triterpenoids, notably).- the vegetal component of an organic coating decorating a skull from the 9th millennium BC (Nahal Hemar site, Israel) to be identified as a resin from Styrax officinalis.- the use of birch bark tar as adhesive for the making of a jewellery dated from the Iron Age to be discovered.</dcterms:abstract>
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