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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les cellules ganglionnaires intrinsèquement photosensibles de la rétine (ipRGC) chez les rongeurs diurnes et nocturnes : une comparaison morphologique, moléculaire et physiologique</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in nocturnal and diurnal rodents : a morphological, molecular and physiological comparison</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rétine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mélanopsine</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules ganglionnaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Souris</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Arvicanthis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Retina</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Melanopsin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">IPRGC</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ganglion cells</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="034152334" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027349098" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Rythmes circadiens</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les horloges circadiennes, permettant l´anticipation des changements environnementaux cycliques, sont synchronisés par la lumière du jour via un signal lumineux à la rétine. Outre les cônes et les bâtonnets, la rétine contient des cellules ganglionnaires intrinsèquement photosensibles (ipRGCs), subdivisées en sous-types distincts exprimant le pigment mélanopsine et impliquées dans l´entrainement de l´horloge biologique à la lumière. Le système circadien est très similaire chez les animaux nocturnes et diurnes. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier les propriétés morphologiques, moléculaires etphysiologiques des ipRGCs de rongeurs nocturnes (souris) et diurnes (Arvicanthis ansorgei). Ce travail révèle des morphologies comparables des différents types d´ipRGCs pour les deux espèces, mais la proportion du type M1 était plus élevée chez Arvicanthis. Des immunomarquages spécifiques des cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine ont révélé que les ipRGCs constituent une population hétérogène. Chez les deux espèces, l'expression de neurofilaments et de Brn3 différait selon le type d´ipRGC. Les propriétés physiologiques des ipRGCs étaient principalement similaires pour les deux espèces. Chez Arvicanthis, les ipRGCs de type I étaient plus sensibles à de courts éclairs lumineux. En conclusion , les ipRGCs des rongeurs nocturnes et diurnes partagent des caractéristiques communes. Cette étude est la première à décrire la sensibilité des ipRGCs a des éclairs de courte durée. De plus, ce travail étend les connaissances sur l'hétérogénéité moléculaire des différents types d´ipRGCs.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Circadian clocks permit anticipation of cyclic environmental changes and are synchronized to solar day through photic input from the retina. Besides rods and cones, the retina contains intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), consisting of distinct sub-types. IpRGCs express the photopigment melanopsin and are implicated in photoentrainment of the biological clock. Light information shapes the animal’s temporal behavior, but the circadian systems of nocturnal and diurnal animals appear to be very similar. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the morphological, molecular and physiologicalproperties of ipRGCs in nocturnal (C57BL/6 mouse) compared to diurnal (Arvicanthis ansorgei) rodents. The morphological analysis revealed comparable characteristics of the different ipRGC types in both species; however the proportion of M1 cells was higher in Arvicanthis than in mouse. Immunostaining patterns using RGC markers revealed that ipRGCs are a heterogeneous population. In both species, Brn3 and neurofilaments expression were partly distinct between the ipRGC types.The physiological properties of ipRGC types were mostly similar between the two species, but type I ipRGCs were more sensitive to short light flashes in Arvicanthis than in mouse. In conclusion, the melanopsin system of nocturnal and diurnal rodents shares many common features. Importantly, this study is the first describing responses of ipRGCs to short light flashes and the observed molecular heterogeneity extends the characterization of individual ipRGC types.</dcterms:abstract>
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